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Abstract
Marijuana is widely used, yet few data concerning its actions combined with other drugs exist. Psychologic, respiratory and cardiovascular effects of [DELTA]9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active component of marijuana, combined with oxymorphone (OXM) or with pentobarbital (PBL), were studied in 15 healthy volunteers.
Oxymorphone, 1.0 mg/70 kg, iv, caused sedation and ventilatory depression (minute ventilation: 24.9 = 11.9 SD to 14.1 = 4.9 1/min with PETCO2 held at 50 torr) in eight volunteers. THC (27, 40, 60, 90, and 134 [mu]g/kg, iv) increased sedation and further decreased ventilation with each THC dose to 6.6 = 3.7 1/min after 134 [mu]g/kg. The combination of OXM and THC decreased the CO2-ventilation slope from 2.23 to 0.88 1/min/torr. When THC, 134 [mu]g/kg, was added to OXM, which alone caused no significant cardiovascular change, cardiac index (4.1 = 1.3 to 5.9 = 2.2 1/min/m2) and heart rate (66 = 12 to 107 = 31 beats/min) significantly increased and total peripheral resistance (1,030 = 260 to 660 = 200 dynes+/-sec/cm3) decreased. Heart rates exceeded 150 beats/min in two subjects after 27 and 134 [mu]g/kg THC.
Pentobarbital alone, 100 mg/70 kg, iv, caused no significant ventilatory or cardiovascular change. THC, after PBL pretreatment, induced hallucinations and anxiety in five of seven volunteers; four failed to complete all five doses of THC because of the severe psychologic effects. The combination of PBL and 40 to 134 [mu]g/kg THC did not affect ventilation significantly. After PBL pretreatment, THC significantly increased heart rate (76 = 17 to 130 = 32 beats/min). Cardiac index also increased (3.8 = 0.7 to 5.6 = 1.9 1/min/m2) and total peripheral resistance decreased (1,070 = 240 to 720 = 300 dynes+/-sec/cm3). Three subjects developed heart rates exceeding 150 beats/min after 27, 27, and 90 [mu]g/kg THC; in all three, heart rates fell from maximal value with a further dose of THC.
Source: Combination of [DELTA]9-Tetrahydrocannabinol with Oxymorphon... : Anesthesiology
Marijuana is widely used, yet few data concerning its actions combined with other drugs exist. Psychologic, respiratory and cardiovascular effects of [DELTA]9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active component of marijuana, combined with oxymorphone (OXM) or with pentobarbital (PBL), were studied in 15 healthy volunteers.
Oxymorphone, 1.0 mg/70 kg, iv, caused sedation and ventilatory depression (minute ventilation: 24.9 = 11.9 SD to 14.1 = 4.9 1/min with PETCO2 held at 50 torr) in eight volunteers. THC (27, 40, 60, 90, and 134 [mu]g/kg, iv) increased sedation and further decreased ventilation with each THC dose to 6.6 = 3.7 1/min after 134 [mu]g/kg. The combination of OXM and THC decreased the CO2-ventilation slope from 2.23 to 0.88 1/min/torr. When THC, 134 [mu]g/kg, was added to OXM, which alone caused no significant cardiovascular change, cardiac index (4.1 = 1.3 to 5.9 = 2.2 1/min/m2) and heart rate (66 = 12 to 107 = 31 beats/min) significantly increased and total peripheral resistance (1,030 = 260 to 660 = 200 dynes+/-sec/cm3) decreased. Heart rates exceeded 150 beats/min in two subjects after 27 and 134 [mu]g/kg THC.
Pentobarbital alone, 100 mg/70 kg, iv, caused no significant ventilatory or cardiovascular change. THC, after PBL pretreatment, induced hallucinations and anxiety in five of seven volunteers; four failed to complete all five doses of THC because of the severe psychologic effects. The combination of PBL and 40 to 134 [mu]g/kg THC did not affect ventilation significantly. After PBL pretreatment, THC significantly increased heart rate (76 = 17 to 130 = 32 beats/min). Cardiac index also increased (3.8 = 0.7 to 5.6 = 1.9 1/min/m2) and total peripheral resistance decreased (1,070 = 240 to 720 = 300 dynes+/-sec/cm3). Three subjects developed heart rates exceeding 150 beats/min after 27, 27, and 90 [mu]g/kg THC; in all three, heart rates fell from maximal value with a further dose of THC.
Source: Combination of [DELTA]9-Tetrahydrocannabinol with Oxymorphon... : Anesthesiology
